Njengoko imithetho yozinzo iqina kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseMntla Melika, imfunoizinto ezingalukwanga ezigutyungelwayoiyanda. Abathengi kwicandelo lokunyamekela abantwana, lasekhaya, lezonyango, nelemizi-mveliso ngoku bafuna iimveliso ezilungelelanisa ukuthamba, amandla, kunye nokusasazeka okuthembekileyo kwiinkqubo zamanzi amdaka. Ngesiqinisekiso esiqinisekisiweyoUvavanyo lwe-INDA/EDANA GD4 lokugutyungelwa kwamanzikunye nokukwazi ukwenza ngokwezifisoubunzima besiseko (gsm) kunye nomlinganiselo wepulp yomthi, abavelisi banokubonelela ngezisombululo ezenzelwe wena ezihlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kunye nokuthobela imithetho yemarike.

1. Inkqubo yoMveliso: Indlela ezenziwa ngayo iiNonwovens eziGuquguqukayo

Uninzi lwezinto ezigutyungelwayo ziveliswa kusetyenziswai-spunlace (i-hydroentanglement) or iinkqubo ezimanzi, apho kuxutywa khonaintlama yomthikwayeimicu emifutshaneibotshelelwe ngeejethi zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngokuphepha izibopheleli zeekhemikhali kunye nokulungisa ukwakheka kwefayibha, ababoneleli banokufezekisa oku kulandelayo:

• Ukusasazeka kwamanzi amaninzi– kubalulekile ekuphumeleleni uvavanyo lwe-GD4.

• Ubume obuthambileyo– ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwesikhumba esibuthathaka.

• Amandla aneleyo okumanzi– ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso aziphuki ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.

Ukhetho lweubude befayibha, ipesenti yepulp, kunye ne-gsmichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthamba, ukuqina, kunye nokusasazeka.

2. Kutheni iSatifikethi se-GD4 sibalulekile

IIprotokholi yovavanyo lwe-GD4 yokugungxulaiphuhliswe yi-INDA kwaye i-EDANA okwangoku ngumgangatho ovunyiweyo kushishino. Ivavanya:

• Ukuqhekeka emanziniixesha elidlulele

• Ukuhambelana neenkqubo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka kunye namanzi amdaka

• Ukubola kwezinto eziphilayophantsi kweemeko ze-aerobic kunye ne-anaerobic

Kubathengi be-B2B, ukukhetha umthengisi onemveliso eziqinisekisiweyo yi-GD4 kuqinisekisa umngcipheko wokuthobela imithetho ophantsi kunye nokwamkelwa okungcono kwiimarike ezilawulwayo.

3. Imizekelo yesicelo

Izinto ezingalukwanga ezigudileyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimarike zabathengi kunye neengcali:

• Iiwipes zosana kunye neewipes zobuso: Ilula (28–35 gsm) enomlinganiselo ophezulu wepulp (80–90%) ukuze ithambe kwaye iqhekeke ngokukhawuleza.

• Iiwipes zokucoca indlu: Ubunzima obuphakathi (40–55 gsm) kunye nomxube we-pulp/fiber olinganiselayo ukuze uqine kwaye kube lula ukuwuhlambulula.

• Iisuphu zonyango kunye nezibulala-ntsholongwane: I-gsm ephezulu (55–70) enesakhiwo esomeleleyo sokumelana neefomyula ezisekelwe kutywala ngelixa igcina ukugungxuka.

• Iiwipes zomgangatho wezoshishino: Inzima kakhulu (70–85 gsm) enomxholo ophezulu wefayibha ukuze ihlale ixesha elide, kodwa isakhiwe ukuze idlule imigangatho yokusasazeka kwe-GD4.

4. Iingenelo eziphambili kubathengi

1. Iinkcukacha ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso– Lungisa i-gsm, ipesenti yepulp yomthi, kunye nohlobo lwefayibha ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kokugqibela.

2. Ukuguquguquka okuqinisekisiweyo– Iimveliso eziqinisekiswe ngovavanyo lwe-GD4 zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuvaleka kwemibhobho kunye nemiba yolawulo.

3. Ukuthotyelwa kweMithetho– Ukuhlangabezana nolindelo lwe-EU kunye ne-US malunga nokuzinza kunye nokuhambelana kwamanzi amdaka.

4. Ukuguquguquka kweMarike– Ukususela kwiimveliso zokunyamekela abantwana ezilula ukuya kwiiwipes zemizi-mveliso ezinzima, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kumacandelo amaninzi.

5. Iingcebiso Ezisebenzayo Zokuthenga i-B2B

• Cela Iingxelo zoVavanyo loMntu Wesithathu: Soloko uqinisekisa ukuba i-GD4 iyahambelana neziphumo zelebhu ezizimeleyo.

• Tshatisa i-GSM neSicelo: I-gsm ekhaphukhaphu yokuthamba nokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza; i-gsm enzima yokuqina xa kucocwa okanye kusetyenzwa kwimizi-mveliso.

• Cinga ngeMiqathango yokuGcina: Ukugcinwa okumanzi ixesha elide kunokuchaphazela ukusasazeka; cela idatha yokusebenza emva kobomi obuqikelelweyo.

• Isicwangciso seMimiselo yexesha elizayoKhetha ababoneleli abakwaziyo ukulungisa umlinganiselo wepulp kunye nomxube njengoko iimfuno zozinzo zitshintsha.

Isiphelo

Amalaphu angalukwanga aguquguqukayo angaphezulu nje kokubanga okunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo—amele ibhalansi yobuchwephesheamandla, ukuthamba, kunye nokusasazeka. IqinisekisiweUvavanyo lwe-INDA/EDANA GD4kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso ngokupheleleyo i-gsm kunye ne-pulp ratios, ababoneleli banokunceda abathengi baseYurophu nabase-US ukuba bafezekise ukuthobela imithetho kunye nempumelelo kwimarike. Kwabangenisi kunye nabasasazi, ukusebenzisana nabavelisi ababonelelaiinkcukacha eziguquguqukayo kunye novavanyo oluqinisekisiweyosisitshixo sokuhlala phambili kweli candelo likhula ngokukhawuleza.

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